Phytophthora has been rebuilt to fix security-related problems and to restore GIS tools. These tools allow users to visualize the geospatial, temporal, and environmental contexts of Phytophthora discoveries. The next phase is to update species information and add data derived from large-scale surveys. If you have suggestions and requests to make the database better, please contact Seogchan Kang (sxk55@psu.edu).
Genus wide phylogeny for Phytophthora using four mitochondrial loci (cox2, nad9, rps10 and secY; 2,373 nucleotides). Maximum likelihood branch lengths shown. Numbers on nodes represent bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (top), maximum parsimony (middle) and Bayesian posterior probabilities as percentages (bottom). Nodes receiving significant support (>95%) in all analysis are marked with an asterisk (*). Scale bar indicates number of substitutions per site.(Martin, Blair and Coffey, unpublished).
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Phytophthora bishii Z.G. Abad, J. A. Abad & F. J. Louws 2008 (Oomycetes, Pythiales)
Variant spelling Phytophthora bisheria Z.G. Abad, J. A. Abad & F. J. Louws 2008
Notes: The epithet of this name was corrected in accordance with Article 60 of the ICBN.
Distribution: Widespread based on known isolates.
Disease Note: Root rot.
Host: Several genera of Rosaceae.
Supporting Literature:
Abad, Z.G., Abad, J.A., Coffey, M.D., Oudemans, P.V., Man in 't Veld, W.A., Cunnington, J., and Louws, F.J. 2008. Phytophthora bisheria sp. nov., a new species identified in isolates from the Rosaceous raspberry, rose and strawberry in three continents. Mycologia 100: 99-110.
Updated on Jun 17, 2008
Phytophthora bisheria Z.G. Abad, J.A. Abad & F.J. Louws was recovered from diseased strawberry roots in North Carolina. It is a clade 2 species closely related to P. multivesiculata.
1. Sporangia
Sporangia were produced abundantly when plugs from the edge of colony in CMA were incubated in water or 10% soil water extract for 24 h. Sporangia were persistent and originated by direct germination of primary sporangia or individually in long sporangiophores that occasionally branched under the primary sporangia. Sporangia frequently were attached laterally to the sporangiophores. Irregular branched coralloid, nodose hyphae were observed frequently. Typical sporangia under water and 10% soil-water extract. Unbranched sporangiophores. Sporangia semipapillate, some bipapillate; ovoid, obpyriform, ovoid-obpyriform, obturbinate, globose or irregular with an exit pore of about 7–9 mm (av. 7.2 µm) wide and 2.4 µm deep; persistent with lateral attachment to the sporangiophore; ovoid-obpyriform sporangia 26–44 (av. 34) µm long, 21–30 (av. 27) µm wide, obpyriform sporangia 42–72 (av. 49) µm long 3 24–36 (av. 30) µm wide, globose on average 22.8 µm diam. Larger distorted sporangia occasionally were produced and were 72– 90 (av. 81) µm long 3 26–32 (av. 29) µm wide. Bipapillate sporangia occasionally were produced. A large vacuole was observed in many sporangia. Encysted zoospores 8.6 µm diam.
2. Chlamydospores
Chlamydospores and hyphal swellings not observed.
3. Sex Organs
Homothallic. Abundant oospore production was observed on V8 and B-LBA with fewer oospore on CMA and B-CA after 10 d culture in the dark. Oogonia were formed rarely in water cultures in both isolates. Oogonia spherical 24–46 (av. 35) µm diameter, terminal, rarely intercalary. The presence of clusters of oospores containing young, mature and abortive oospores is another character of the species. Oospores in clusters were slightly smaller than individual oospores, 21.6–27.6 (av. 25) µm. Antheridia paragynous with broad attachment to the oogonial wall 7–11 (av. 9.5) µm, frequently with long stalk and branched. Occasionally two or three antheridia per oogonium are observed. Oospores aplerotic, 25–31 (av. 28) µm diameter, wall 4–6 (av. 5) µm thick.
4. Growth Temperatures
On CMA, minimum temperature for growth was 10 C, optimum 26 C and maximum 32 C.
5. Growth Characteristics in Culture
Colonies on CMA were flat and grew with a uniform pattern at the border of the colony. Colonies on V8 agar were slightly stellate, on B-CA, B-LBA and PDA30 cottony without pattern. olonies on CMA, light rosette pattern concentrated in the center of the colony. Colonies on solid media slow growing, on CMA growth-rate 1.6–1.9 mm d21. Mycelium branched, main hyphae 3–7 mm wide.
6. Distinguishing Characteristics
The main morphological differences between P. bisheria and the related P. multivesiculata are the amphigynous antheridia, catenulate hyphal swellings and sporangia with internal proliferation produced only by P. multivesiculata. Morphologically P. bisheria shows some similarities to other Clade 2 taxa, the semipapillate P. citricola and P. inflata. However P. bisheria can be discriminated from these taxa on the basis of the structure of the antheridia, oogonia and oospores. The oospores of P. bisheria average 28 µm diameter, compared with those of P. citricola, which average 22 µm and P. inflata which average 31.3 µm. Also isolation of P. bisheria from diseased roots of strawberry and roses proved to be difficult whereas P. citricola is not difficult to isolate from different hosts. The main difference from P. inflata is the presence of contorted, inflated, variously lobed or branched paragynous antheridia in this species compared to the wide antheridia with broad attachment of P. bisheria.
Phytophthora bisheria has been recovered from strawberry roots in North Carolina, rose in the Netherlands and Rubus sp. in Australia.
Abad, G. Z., Abad, J. A., Coffey, M. D., Oudemans, P. V., Nam in't Veld, W. A., de Gruyter, H., Cunningham, J., Louws, F. J. 2008. Phytophthora bisheria sp. nov., a new species identified in isolates from the Rosaceous raspberry, rose and strawberry in three continents. Mycologia 100:99-110.
This species page was adapted from Abad et al. (2008)
Isolate list