Phytophthora has been rebuilt to fix security-related problems and to restore GIS tools. These tools allow users to visualize the geospatial, temporal, and environmental contexts of Phytophthora discoveries. The next phase is to update species information and add data derived from large-scale surveys. If you have suggestions and requests to make the database better, please contact Seogchan Kang (sxk55@psu.edu).
Genus wide phylogeny for Phytophthora using four mitochondrial loci (cox2, nad9, rps10 and secY; 2,373 nucleotides). Maximum likelihood branch lengths shown. Numbers on nodes represent bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (top), maximum parsimony (middle) and Bayesian posterior probabilities as percentages (bottom). Nodes receiving significant support (>95%) in all analysis are marked with an asterisk (*). Scale bar indicates number of substitutions per site.(Martin, Blair and Coffey, unpublished).
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Phytophthora fluvialis T. Jung & T.I. Burgess 2011 (Oomycetes, Pythiales)
Distribution: Australia.
Supporting Literature:
Jung, T., Stukely, M.J.C., Hardy, G.E.St.J., White, D., and Paap, T. 2011. Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS Clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications. Persoonia 26: 13-39.
Updated on Aug 30, 2011
Phytophthora fluvialis T. Jung and T.I. Burgess is a clade 6 species with close affiliation with P. litoralis and P. thermophila and has been recovered only from waterways in Western Australia.
1. Sporangia
Sporangia produced abundantly in non-sterile soil extract, non-caducous, nonpapillate, broad-ovoid (Fig. 1a-b) to elongated ovoid, limoniform or less frequently ellipsoid or obpyriform; 53 ± 7.6 × 36.4 ± 6.1 μm (overall range 37–72 × 21–54 μm), length/breadth ratio 1.5 ± 0.2. Sporangial proliferation external and in chains of internally proliferating sporangia in both a nested and extended way (Fig. 1c-d); secondary lateral sporangia regularly formed. Internally proliferating sporangiophores, sometimes branching inside or just outside of the empty sporangium. The release of secondary zoospores from zoospore cysts (diplanetism) and the formation of microsporangia common in all isolates. Ellipsoid non-catenulate hyphal swellings (12.1 ± 4.7 μm) without radiating hyphae infrequently formed (Fig. 1e).
2. Chlamydospores
Chlamydospores not observed.
3. Sex Organs
Gametangia not produced in single culture or when paired with A1 and A2 tester strains of P. cinnamomi.
4. Growth Temperatures
Radial growth rates on V8 agar at optimum (31.5 °C) and near the maximum (38 °C) temperature 5.9 ± 0.6 mm/d and 1.2 ± 0.2 mm/d, respectively.
5. Growth Characteristics in Culture
Colonies on V8A (Fig. 2a), carrot agar (Fig. 2b) and potato-dextrose agar (Fig. 2c) are stellate to rosaceous with limited aerial mycelium.
6. Distinguishing Characteristics
Phytophthora fluvialis and P. litoralis are similar in that both do not reproduce sexually but they can be separated by the lack of catenulate hyphal swellings and chlamydospores in P. fluvialis, higher maximum growth of P. fluvialis compared to P. litoralis (38° C vs 35° C, respectively), and the smaller sporangia of P. litoralis.
7. Type isolate
AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Moore River, baited from water in native bushland, Dec. 2009, D. Hüberli, holotype MURU 468; cultures ex-type CBS 129424 = MUCC 771, ITS sequence GenBank JF701436, cox1 sequence JF701442, HSP90 sequence JF701439 and LSU sequence GenBank JF951171, MycoBank MB561042.
Isolated only from water, not known to cause disease
Jung, T., Burgess, T. I., Huberli, D., Hardy, G. E. St.J., Stukely, M. J. C. 2011. Phytophthora fluvialis Persoonia 26:146-147.
Jung, T., Stukely, M. J. C., St. Hardy, G. E., White, D., Paap, T. Burgess, T. I., 2011. Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS Clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications. Persoonia 26:13–39.
The species page was adapted from Jung et al. (2011). The comments of Treena Burgess, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, Australia, on the content of this page and providing images is gratefully acknowledged.
Isolate list